Architect of Gurmukhi | Embodiment of Humility

Shree Guru Angad Dev Ji.

Born as Lehna on March 31, 1504, in the village of Matte-di-Sarai (now Sarai Naga) in Punjab, India, he was the son of Bhai Pheru Mal Ji, a modest trader, and Mata Ramo Ji, a devout and compassionate woman. From an early age, Lehna exhibited deep religious fervor, particularly in the worship of the Hindu goddess Durga. He often led pilgrimages to the Jwalamukhi temple, showcasing his dedication to spiritual pursuits.

However, a transformative moment occurred when Lehna heard the divine hymns of Guru Nanak Dev Ji. The profound wisdom and universal message of these hymns stirred something deep within him. Driven by an insatiable spiritual yearning, he sought out Guru Nanak Dev Ji in Kartarpur. Upon meeting the Guru, Lehna experienced an immediate and profound spiritual awakening, leading him to renounce his previous practices and become a devoted disciple.

🔸Family Life and Devotion

Lehna married Mata Khivi Ji, a woman renowned for her compassion and service. Together, they had four children: two sons, Bhai Dasu Ji and Bhai Datu Ji, and two daughters, Bibi Amro Ji and Bibi Anokhi Ji. Mata Khivi Ji later played a pivotal role in managing the community kitchen (Langar), exemplifying the Sikh principles of equality and selfless service.

🔸Ascension to Guruship

Bhai Lehna Ji’s spiritual transformation began with a chance encounter with the divine hymns of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, recited by a devotee. Captivated by the profound essence of the verses, he was inspired to meet Guru Nanak Dev Ji himself. In 1532, he traveled to Kartarpur Sahib, where he finally met Guru Nanak Dev Ji. This meeting proved to be a pivotal moment in his life. Overwhelmed by the divine presence and humility of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Bhai Lehna Ji became his devoted disciple and chose to stay and serve him. He performed every duty assigned to him with utter dedication—be it cleaning, cooking in the langar, or serving the sangat. His complete surrender and humility won Guru Nanak Dev Ji’s trust and affection.

After years of observing Bhai Lehna Ji’s unwavering faith, humility, and service, Guru Nanak Dev Ji declared him as his spiritual successor. In 1539, Guru Nanak Dev Ji formally installed him as the Second Guru of Sikhism and gave him a new name — Guru Angad, meaning “my own limb”, signifying that he was an extension of Guru Nanak himself. The declaration surprised many, as Guru Nanak had two sons, but it demonstrated that spiritual wisdom and devotion were the true measures of Guruship—not lineage.

🔸Contributions and Reforms

Standardization of Gurmukhi Script: Guru Angad Dev Ji refined and standardized the Gurmukhi script, making it the medium for Sikh scriptures and literature. This initiative not only preserved the teachings of the Gurus but also made spiritual knowledge accessible to the common people.

Promotion of Education: Understanding the importance of literacy, Guru Angad Dev Ji established schools (Pathshalas) to teach children using the Gurmukhi script. He personally taught and emphasized the value of education for spiritual and personal growth.

Strengthening the Langar System: Guru Angad Dev Ji expanded the institution of Langar (community kitchen), ensuring that people from all backgrounds could share meals together, thereby promoting equality and community bonding.

Emphasis on Physical Well-being: He introduced Mal Akharas (wrestling arenas) to encourage physical fitness among the youth, promoting a balanced development of body and mind.

Compilation of Guru Nanak’s Teachings: Guru Angad Dev Ji collected and preserved the hymns of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, ensuring the continuity and authenticity of Sikh teachings for future generations.

🔸Spiritual Teachings

Guru Angad Dev Ji’s teachings emphasized:

  • Naam Simran: Continuous remembrance of God’s name.
  • Seva: Selfless service to humanity.
  • Humility: Leading a life free from ego.
  • Equality: Treating all individuals with respect, regardless of caste or creed.

🔸Final Years and Legacy

Guru Angad Dev Ji spent his later years in Khadur Sahib, continuing to guide and nurture the Sikh community. Before his passing on March 29, 1552, he appointed Guru Amar Das Ji as his successor, ensuring the unbroken transmission of spiritual wisdom.

🔸Conclusion

Guru Angad Dev Ji stands as a towering pillar in Sikh history. His humility, loyalty to his Guru, and tireless work in shaping the Sikh identity serve as a beacon of inspiration. He was not only the second Guru but the one who laid the linguistic and educational foundation of Sikhism. His life reminds us that true greatness lies in service, simplicity, and selfless devotion.